Any surgical manipulation carries a certain risk. To do this, you must have at least a superficial idea of the progress of the whole process.
We present you the top 10 operations that are most often performed by the fair sex.
10. The appendix (appendix)
The most common surgical intervention, which in the language of medicine is called “appendectomy”. It is considered a relatively simple manipulation and lasts on average no more than half an hour.
The appendix is the site of the immune system, designed to perform a protective function, neutralizing a variety of pathogenic pathogens.
At the moment, official medicine does not have reliable data on the etiology of the development of inflammation of the appendix. However, most experts adhere to the theory that provoking factors for the appearance of appendicitis is the ingress of feces, helminths or foreign bodies.
9. Ectopic pregnancy
An undiagnosed ectopic pregnancy is fraught with the development of a life-threatening condition requiring emergency surgical care. Its danger lies in the threat of rupture of the fallopian tube and the occurrence of massive bleeding.
With an ectopic pregnancy, the embryo does not develop in the uterine cavity, as it should be normal, but in the fallopian tube, cervix, abdominal cavity or even on the ovary. With the development of cervical pregnancy, the uterus is removed with the cervix. In the presence of other variants of a similar pathology, the reproductive ability of a woman can be preserved.
8. Removal of thyroid nodules
The algorithm for treating this disease primarily depends on the nature of the nodes - they can be malignant and benign. If a woman has a malignant oncological process, then in addition to surgical removal of nodes, radiation therapy and treatment with radioactive iodine can be applied to her. Also of great importance is the stage in which the pathological process is located. The entire period of treatment and rehabilitation can be very long and take several years.
7. Cesarean section
This operation is a surgical extraction of the fetus. It is carried out according to indications excluding natural delivery.
During the manipulation, the surgeon makes an incision of the anterior abdominal wall. Then the body of the uterus is opened and the fetus is removed.
There are several methods for applying an incision, but mainly suprapubic horizontal dissection is performed, which does not cause a significant aesthetic defect and does not exclude the possibility of a natural birth for a woman in subsequent pregnancies.
6. Gallbladder removal
The main factors that provoke the development of cholecystitis or cholelithiasis, which subsequently often become causes of gallbladder removal, are poor nutrition, excessive drinking, and low physical activity.
Nowadays, the gallbladder is removed by a laparoscopic method. Laparoscope is a surgical device with integrated optics. After the operation, the patient has three subtle scars in the right hypochondrium.
5. Ovarian tumors
Malignant neoplasms of the ovaries progress in growth rather quickly and begin to metastasize early. In such diseases, surgical removal of the tumor is used. In addition, hormonal, radiation, and chemotherapeutic treatments can be used.
If the neoplasm has benign properties, then the attending physician immediately raises the question of its immediate surgical removal in order to avoid its degeneration.
4. Hemorrhoids
This disease is familiar to many women, especially for young mothers, as many people have hemorrhoids due to strong attempts. This pathology is due to the expansion of the veins of the rectum, due to disruption of the valve apparatus of the local venous vessels. There are a lot of predisposing factors: a sedentary lifestyle, a frequent delay in bowel movements, poor nutrition and others.
Surgical removal of hemorrhoidal nodes is carried out at stages 3 and 4, when there is prolapse of the nodes, rectal bleeding, mucous discharge from the rectum, as well as persistent pain.
3. Uterine fibroids
Uterine fibroids are a benign mass that appears in the thickness of the muscle layer of the uterus. The presence of fibroids is not always an absolute indication for surgery. Usually, if it is not small, does not exert pressure on nearby organs, and also does not provoke uterine bleeding, such a pathology is subject to follow-up.
If the myoma is complicated by torsion of the legs and necrosis (necrosis of the tissue), then an emergency removal of the neoplasm is performed. Sometimes the surgeon decides to remove the uterine body, especially if the formation of multiple tumors has appeared.
2. Painful deformity of the big toe (bone)
The deformation of the big toe occurs due to wearing uncomfortable shoes, due to which there is an incorrect distribution of the load on the foot. A hereditary factor plays a significant role in the development of this pathology. A deformed thumb gives considerable discomfort to a woman.
At the first stages of the development of this disease, the orthopedic surgeon usually prescribes correction to orthopedic shoes for such patients. In advanced cases, surgical treatment is immediately prescribed.
1. Varicose veins in the legs
This pathology can develop in the presence of the following provoking factors: genetic predisposition, overweight, work involving a long stay in a standing position (hairdresser, cook, surgeon, etc.). Varicose veins are manifested by a feeling of heaviness and pain in the legs associated with stagnation of venous blood. Persistent disturbance of normal blood circulation in the venous vessels leads to the formation of trophic ulcers on the legs.
At the initial stages, venotonics are used, with which it is possible to improve the outflow of blood. In more difficult situations, sclerotherapy is used, due to the introduction of special drugs into the affected vein, which can “glue” it from the inside, and compression therapy, which involves the regular use of compression underwear.
Surgical treatment of varicose veins is carried out according to strict indications and consists in excision of the vein.